Record type: Scholarly secondary source
Author: Emile Kok-Kheng Yeoh
Work: “State Coercion and Civil Societal Response: Structure and Agency in the Development of Contemporary Chinese Dissent and Nonviolent Action”
Institutional context: Institute of China Studies, University of Malaya
Publication history: An earlier version appeared in the International Journal of China Studies, Vol. 3, No. 3 (2012), special issue “State, Governance and Civil Societal Response in Contemporary China”; the chapter was subsequently included in the 2013 University of Malaya ICS tenth-anniversary anthology. A later publication in Contemporary Chinese Political Economy and Strategic Relations: An International Journal, Vol. 5, No. 2 (2019), repeats the same core organizational attribution.
Why this source matters
Yeoh explicitly identifies the Free China Movement as an organization founded in 1998 and led by Lian Shengde (连胜德), placing it within the development of post-1989 Chinese dissent, civil-society organization, and nonviolent action. This is a direct academic corroboration of both the organization’s founding period and Lian Shengde’s leadership role.
Independent repetition in 2019
The 2019 journal version again states that the Free China Movement was founded in 1998 and led by Lian Shengde. Because this wording appears in a later journal publication as well as the earlier University of Malaya work, the archive treats it as a repeated scholarly attribution rather than a one-off mention.
Evidence classification
Independent academic secondary source. It is particularly useful for organizational chronology and leadership attribution. As with other secondary sources, detailed campaign claims should still be checked against FCM primary documents and contemporaneous reporting.
Source records
2013 publication record · 2019 journal PDF
Related Free China records
FCM Media Archive · Scholarly & Institutional References to the Free China Movement · Lian Shengde Media Archive