Scope: controlled media and source baseline for Li Hongkuan (李洪宽), focused on VIP Reference / 大参考, 小参考, Internet censorship, and related prosecutions. This page separates contemporary press evidence, retrospective interviews and later historical analysis.
Contemporary press and historical sources
- November 16, 1998 — New York Times — Lin Hai, VIP Reference and Internet-control enforcement
- November 4, 1999 — New York Review of Books — China in Cyberspace
- Radio Free Asia interview transcript — broadcast February 2, 2000
- 2003 interview/profile — origin narrative for 大参考
- 2011 interview — September 17, 1997 first-formal-publication recollection
- 2019 historical account — Dacankao distribution and censorship context
Provenance rules
Contemporary journalism is retained as independent reporting; Li’s interviews are identified as retrospective first-person testimony; later histories are secondary reconstruction. None is substituted for an unrecovered original 大参考 carrier or government case file.
Li Hongkuan canonical profile · VIP Reference Historical Archive